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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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tonga.4
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Economy
Overview: The economy's base is agriculture, which employs
about 70% of the labor force and contributes 50% to GDP.
Coconuts, bananas, and vanilla beans are the main crops
and make up two-thirds of exports. The country must import
a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand.
The manufacturing sector accounts for only 10% of GDP. Tourism
is the primary source of hard currency earnings, but the
island remains dependent on sizable external aid and remittances
to sustain its trade deficit.
GDP: $86 million, per capita $850; real growth rate 3.6%
(FY89 est.).
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 8.2% (FY87).
Unemployment rate: NA%.
Budget: revenues $54.8 million; expenditures $56.2 million,
including capital expenditures of $16.9 million (FY88 est.).
Exports: $9.1 million (f.o.b., FY88 est.); commodities--coconut
oil, desiccated coconut, copra, bananas, taro, vanilla beans,
fruits, vegetables, fish; partners--NZ 54%, Australia 30%,
US 8%, Fiji 5% (FY87).
Imports: $60.1 million (c.i.f., FY88 est.); commodities--food
products, beverages and tobacco, fuels, machinery and transport
equipment, chemicals, building materials; partners--NZ 39%,
Australia 25%, Japan 9%, US 6%, EC 5% (FY87).
External debt: $31.8 million (1987).
Industrial production: growth rate 15% (FY86).
Electricity: 5,000 kW capacity; 8 million kWh produced,
80 kWh per capita (1989).
Industries: tourism, fishing.
Agriculture: dominated by coconut, copra, and banana production;
vanilla beans, cocoa, coffee, ginger, black pepper.
Aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-87), $15 million;
Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
(1970-87), $220 million.
Currency: pa'anga (plural--pa'anga); 1 pa'anga (T$) = 100 seniti.
Exchange rates: pa'anga (T$) per US$1--1.23 (FY89 est.),
1.37 (FY88), 1.51 (FY87), 1.43 (FY86), 1.30 (FY85).
Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June.